The term Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) emerged around 2006 when it was coined by Helen Gill at the National Science Foundation in the United States. CPS are objects with embedded software and electronics connected to each other in a system, for example, robots, drones and other movable machines. Physical, mechanical objects, and processes are connected with software-controlled objects and processes. The real and virtual worlds converge with CPS. CPS connects to the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, the Industrial Internet, Machine-to-Machine (M2M), the Internet of Everything, TSensors (trillion sensors), and the fog (the cloud closer to the ground). CPS can be used for traffic control or for managing intelligent electricity networks.

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Brains of computers, physical and virtual, flesh of the machine